{"id":214,"date":"2018-03-27T07:19:23","date_gmt":"2018-03-27T04:19:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.intothesquare.org\/?p=214"},"modified":"2024-04-26T23:03:35","modified_gmt":"2024-04-26T20:03:35","slug":"piazza-pio-ii-from-pienza-italy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.intothesquare.org\/az\/2018\/european-squares\/piazza-pio-ii-from-pienza-italy\/","title":{"rendered":"Pienza, \u0130taliya,Piazza Pio II"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Toskaninin bir t\u0259p\u0259sind\u0259 ucalan Pienza \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 Korsiqnano adlan\u0131rd\u0131. Papa II Pius \u00f6z m\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259tini \u00e7ox sevirdi v\u0259 onu “ideal \u015f\u0259h\u0259r” haqq\u0131nda n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259l\u0259rinin konkret t\u0259svirin\u0259 \u00e7evirm\u0259k ist\u0259yirdi. Bu m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259 o, memar Bernardo Rossellinonu memar kimi i\u015f\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc v\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda birba\u015fa i\u015ftirak etdi. Albertin yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan t\u0259sirl\u0259n\u0259n Pius m\u0259rk\u0259zi bir meydan \u0259traf\u0131nda vahid v\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259min ed\u0259n bir \u015f\u0259h\u0259r qurma\u011f\u0131 arzulay\u0131rd\u0131. 1462-ci ild\u0259 v\u0259fat ed\u0259rk\u0259n, onun ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f \u015f\u0259h\u0259r eskizi yaln\u0131z 40 tamamlanm\u0131\u015f binas\u0131 il\u0259 dayand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bu “ideal \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin” m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 Bernardo Rossellino postklassik d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r yenil\u0259nm\u0259sinin ilk c\u0259hdl\u0259rind\u0259n birini \u0259ks etdir\u0259n bir trapezoid meydan\u0131 qurma\u011f\u0131 bacarm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0259kan b\u00f6y\u00fck deyil, ancaq formas\u0131 v\u0259 s\u0259kisinin dizayn\u0131 say\u0259sind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259kan ill\u00fcziyas\u0131 yarad\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckd\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli binalarla h\u0259ms\u0259rh\u0259d olan bir m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259siri ba\u011f\u0131\u015flay\u0131r. Palazzo Veskovile meydan\u0131n \u015f\u0259rq t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fir. Qar\u015f\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259 Papal Saray\u0131 dayan\u0131r. B\u0259l\u0259diyy\u0259 binas\u0131 \u015fimalda Rossellino t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n se\u00e7ilmi\u015f Florentin tipli bir q\u00fcll\u0259y\u0259 uzan\u0131r. Dig\u0259r iki bina \u015f\u0259h\u0259r b\u0259l\u0259diyy\u0259sinin yan\u0131ndak\u0131 \u015fimal t\u0259r\u0259fi tamamlay\u0131r. Meydanda bu b\u00f6y\u00fck meydan\u0131 a\u015f\u0131rmamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn trapezoidin ki\u00e7ik t\u0259r\u0259fi boyunca tikilmi\u015f Kafedralin fasad\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u0259\u015fkil edir, \u00e7\u00fcnki Papa monumental, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t \u015f\u0259h\u0259r deyil, insanlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir m\u0259kan qurmaq ist\u0259yirdi. H\u0259r \u015fey diqq\u0259tl\u0259 hesablan\u0131r, kils\u0259nin tikilm\u0259sind\u0259 h\u0259tta g\u00fcn\u0259\u015fin h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259rini d\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. T\u0259bii i\u015f\u0131qdan yuyulan Avstriya Kils\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n ilham alan Papa, bu kils\u0259nin \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi \u015f\u0259rq-q\u0259rb nizam\u0131na iltifat edilm\u0259m\u0259sini, g\u00fcn\u0259\u015fin c\u0259nub p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n s\u00fcz\u00fclm\u0259sini t\u0259min ed\u0259c\u0259k \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 in\u015fa edilm\u0259sini ist\u0259yirdi. Kils\u0259 s\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f vulkan olan Amiata Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n zirv\u0259sind\u0259 dayan\u0131r. Onun zirv\u0259si meydandan g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u0259s\u0259 d\u0259, kils\u0259nin c\u0259nub p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bu, qavray\u0131\u015f\u0131n maraql\u0131 bir \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259rsin\u0259 d\u00f6nm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur: kils\u0259nin daxili hiss\u0259si m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259y\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131lan geni\u015f m\u0259kan hissini yarad\u0131r, bel\u0259 ki, meydan \u0259traf\u0131na az giri\u015f imkan\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131r, bunun \u0259v\u0259zind\u0259 is\u0259 daxili m\u0259kan hissini yarad\u0131r. Kafedralin dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259ki, meydandak\u0131 iki dar a\u00e7\u0131q sah\u0259 bir \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259ki k\u0259nd m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 vizual giri\u015fin \u0259n erk\u0259n \u0130ntibah d\u00f6vr\u00fc n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259ridir. Bu \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi orta \u0259sr meydanlar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131l\u0131r. M\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259ni g\u00f6rm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn meydan\u0131n \u0259n son ucuna g\u0259lm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meydanda bir binan\u0131n fasad\u0131ndak\u0131 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif detallar dig\u0259r fasadda yenid\u0259n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr; bu fasadlar\u0131n d\u00fczbucaql\u0131 formas\u0131 p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259l\u0259rin formalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 d\u00fcz\u0259ldir. Papa Saray\u0131n\u0131n yuxar\u0131 m\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259sind\u0259ki p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259l\u0259r Rossellinonun ixtiralar\u0131 olmaqla, Roma xa\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 Tuskan g\u00fcl p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259sinin birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sidir. Xa\u00e7 Palazzo Veskovilenin p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259ki bir detal olaraq yenid\u0259n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr v\u0259 g\u00fcl p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259si is\u0259 \u015e\u0259h\u0259r B\u0259l\u0259diyy\u0259sinin p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 yenid\u0259n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u00dc\u00e7l\u00fck olaraq qrupla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f arak\u0259sm\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 dair\u0259vi detallar h\u0259r binan\u0131n fasad\u0131nda ard-arda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Travertin \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259si v\u0259 q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 k\u0259rpic s\u0259ki kils\u0259nin fasad\u0131ndak\u0131 bir s\u0131ra seksiyalar\u0131 \u0259ks etdirir v\u0259 meydan boyunca yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n b\u00fct\u00fcn binalar\u0131n s\u00fctunlar\u0131, qap\u0131lar\u0131 v\u0259 k\u00fcncl\u0259rini nizama sal\u0131r. Meydan boyunca yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n binalar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131nda bu m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 olunur. Meydan\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 bir travertin dair\u0259si var v\u0259 dair\u0259 il\u0259 kils\u0259nin qap\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131ndak\u0131 m\u0259saf\u0259 kils\u0259nin t\u0259m\u0259li v\u0259 onun fasad\u0131nda tipik yuvarlaq bir p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259 olan occhio<\/em> aras\u0131ndak\u0131 m\u0259saf\u0259y\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rdir. Meydan 3, 5 v\u0259 9 r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259saslanan h\u0259nd\u0259si hesablamaya \u0259sasland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu yegan\u0259 “t\u0259sad\u00fcf” deyildir. \u00dcst\u0259lik, 2000-ci ill\u0259rin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 Kafedral\u0131n k\u00f6lg\u0259sinin, m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n anlarda, \u00f6z\u0259llikl\u0259 g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f b\u0259rab\u0259rl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259n 11 g\u00fcn sonra s\u0259ki \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259si il\u0259 m\u00fck\u0259mm\u0259l uy\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 a\u015fkarlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. XV \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc t\u0259qvim il\u0259 astronomik t\u0259qvim aras\u0131nda 11 g\u00fcnl\u00fck f\u0259rqin oldu\u011fu bilinirdi. Pasxa g\u00fcn\u0259\u015f b\u0259rab\u0259rliy\u0259n\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n hesabland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259qvimin reformasiyas\u0131 Katolik Kils\u0259si daxilind\u0259 olduqca m\u00fcbahis\u0259 yarad\u0131rd\u0131. Kils\u0259 k\u00f6lg\u0259sinin \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259si il\u0259 nizamlanmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 ed\u0259n Pieper, meydan\u0131n \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 bu b\u0259rab\u0259rliyi n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn oldu\u011funa inan\u0131rd\u0131. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, tikinti ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131, ancaq bu b\u0259rab\u0259rliyin d\u0259qiq g\u00fcn\u0259 uy\u011fun g\u0259lm\u0259sinin ba\u015f verm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn layih\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fdirildi. D\u0259yi\u015fiklik q\u0259rar\u0131 verildikd\u0259 meydan binalar\u0131nda art\u0131q tikinti i\u015fl\u0259ri apar\u0131lmaqda idi. S\u0259ki \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sinin yenid\u0259n \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259si binalar\u0131n detallar\u0131nda uy\u011funsuzluqlara s\u0259b\u0259b olmas\u0131n dey\u0259, Kafedral\u0131n dam\u0131n\u0131n qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 bunun h\u0259ll yolu tap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu onunla t\u0259sdiql\u0259nir ki, kils\u0259n\u0131n fasad\u0131nda Albert nisb\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 riay\u0259t edilm\u0259mi\u015fdi. Bu yenid\u0259nqurma, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259, Kafedral k\u00f6lg\u0259sinin s\u0259ki \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki r\u0259sml\u0259rl\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hekay\u0259sinin t\u0259f\u0259rr\u00fcatlar\u0131n\u0131n Papan\u0131n son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 t\u0259f\u0259rr\u00fcatl\u0131 g\u00fcnd\u0259liyind\u0259 niy\u0259 yer almamas\u0131 h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 sirr olaraq qal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Toskaninin bir t\u0259p\u0259sind\u0259 ucalan Pienza \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 Korsiqnano adlan\u0131rd\u0131. Papa II Pius \u00f6z m\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259tini \u00e7ox sevirdi v\u0259 onu “ideal \u015f\u0259h\u0259r” haqq\u0131nda n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259l\u0259rinin konkret t\u0259svirin\u0259 \u00e7evirm\u0259k ist\u0259yirdi. Bu m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259 o, memar Bernardo Rossellinonu memar kimi i\u015f\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc v\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fc d\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda birba\u015fa i\u015ftirak etdi. Albertin yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan t\u0259sirl\u0259n\u0259n Pius m\u0259rk\u0259zi bir meydan \u0259traf\u0131nda vahid v\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259min … Continue reading Pienza, \u0130taliya,Piazza Pio II<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[18,149,145,151,22,16,15,28,23,25,19,29,20,27,26,146,17,24,21],"class_list":["post-214","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-european-squares","tag-15th-century","tag-az","tag-en","tag-es","tag-ideal-city","tag-italia","tag-italy","tag-leon-battista-alberti","tag-orasul-ideal","tag-papal-states","tag-piete-renascentiste","tag-quattrocento","tag-renaissance","tag-renaissance-architecture","tag-renaissance-urbanism","tag-ro","tag-sec-xv","tag-tuscany","tag-urbanism","post_format-post-format-image"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.0","language":"az","enabled_languages":["en","tr","ro","es","it","gr","az","pl","ge","pt"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"gr":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"az":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pl":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"ge":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.intothesquare.org\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/214","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.intothesquare.org\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.intothesquare.org\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.intothesquare.org\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.intothesquare.org\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=214"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.intothesquare.org\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/214\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.intothesquare.org\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/230"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.intothesquare.org\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=214"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.intothesquare.org\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=214"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.intothesquare.org\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}